2010+Maurya+and+Gupta+4

The Mauryan and Gupta Empire of India

The Mauryan Empire was established by Candra Gupta around 324 BCE near India.

** Government  **    · The Mauryan Empire was established by Candra Gupta around 324 BCE.  · the empire was a well-oiled empire  · Candra Gupta established himself as India's most powerful ruler during the classical period. With assistance and advice from Prime Minister Kautilya. // Arthashastra // served as an instructional manual for rulers on the art of government.  · Kautilya revealed the means by which a ruler could augment the wealth of his state, maintain domestic law and order, and extend his empire.  · Mauryan government was rigidly organized, the empire was broken into four different regions and then smaller provinces with a governor for each provence making the empire much easier to control. Each domain was to report to the assigned ruler, who ultimately reported to Candra Gupta.  · The highly centralized bureaucracy was a model government, and Candra Gupta steadily enlarged the army to maintain that order.  · some people say that the military numbered more than 600,000, including a smaller number of calvary.  
 * Religion

** Mauryan and Gupta religion was a big part of their cultures. Both empires religions involved Buddhism. Both Buddhism and the Mauryan religion of Jainism originated in Bihar, India. Buddhism began during the fifth century B.C. at a time of religious confusion and disorder. Many religions like Buddhism came from the Brahman tradition, or the human sacrifice. From this religion and way of life people started wondering and exploring other forms of religion and leadership, of which Buddhism was one, discovered by Siddhartha Gautama. Jainism came from the idea of Ahimsa, which is the conception that promotes nonviolence towards all living things. Jainism was founded out of rebelling against Hinduism. In the Jainism religion, not respecting the law of vegetarianism and the prohibition of agriculture will lead to the appearance of karma. While the Mauryan empire celebrated Buddhism and Jainism, the Gupta empire practiced Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism incorporates having a very diverse character, with a lot of schooling in philosophy and theology. A man, Asoka, ruled the Mauryan Empire from 269 B.C. to 232 B.C. and when he converted to Buddhism, he used all of his power to spread it throughout the nation.  · centralization was reflected in a unified form of currency and weights and measurements.  · the Mauryan Empire economy was based mostly around trade.  · they were one of the first to use coins  · neer by rivers help support food and water for the civilization <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; margin-bottom: .1pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: .1pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-para-margin-bottom: .01gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0in; mso-para-margin-right: 0in; mso-para-margin-top: .01gd; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · they had trade all throughout the subcontinent
 * Economy **

of Mauryan and Gupta:Samudra Gupta, the emperor of Aryan who extended the boundaries of Gupta Empire of the 4th century. Being an excellent musician and scholar, Samudra was able to intoduce the world of arts to the Indian culture. The numerous details of the Gupta's life were found inscripted on the Allahabad pillar, the most important epigraphic evidence of their evidence of life. The Kushana became the finest power at one point, established in Nothern India. The Kushana period was believed as the most important in terms of intellectual and artistic culture. Trade roads that had brought successive merchants, armies, and missionaries through Gandhara over the centuries had created a culture accustomed to the intermixture of traditions that was done by the use of art and coins.
 * Arts **

** Technology  ** of Mauryan and Gupta:Aryabhata the Elder, a worthy of attention mathematician of ancient India, his knowledge toward multiple subjects such as algebra, geometry and astronomy are currently used as the core teachings of India but also impacted others cultures and there knowledge of technology.In the military the equipment that was used during that time period were pretty much the same as 500 years ago, the practice of bows and arrows. The Indian seige and alterily took it one step further and used devices such as fire arrows, pitch pots, fireballs, catapults, etc. Having the more advance weapons made the opportunities of winning different battles deftly.The Mauryan had the technology of trade, and with trade they became accustom to the use of trading with coins. They would trade with different cultures making them become aware of the different resources.
 * [[image:file://localhost/Users/Dolinsky/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image018.jpg width="262" height="182" caption="auryan Coin"]]   ||

** Society  **

All Hindus are divided among four// varna // and a fifth group, known as the untouchables

The four// varnas // are: the brahmans, the traditional priest class; the kshatriya, the warrior class; the, the workers; and the sudra, whose role is to serve the three higher classes

Below the Sudra are the untouchables, who are supposedly unclean from birth and are therefore assigned jobs that would "pollute" the higher classes. These include working with dead animals or cleaning sewage

Each of the// varnas // are divided into hundreds or thousands of// jati, // literally meaning "birth.

Hindus will traditionally marry only within their own// jati. //

OVERVIEW: The Mauryan and Gupta empires were very much a part of the cultures that made India as it is now today. The Mauryan empire took over India from 325 B.C. to 183 B.C. The empire was established by Candra Gupta Maurya in about 324 B.C. Gupta was India's most powerful ruler during this time period. The empire was very firm and organized. It was arranged in four regions headed by one person. These regions were broken into smaller provinces led by a governor, then into districts, and then into villages or small towns. Each village ultimately reported to Candra Gupta. This bureaucracy was formally a model government. Gupta extended the army to keep up this establishment and maintain order. Some sources suspect the number of people involved in the military was more than 600 thousand. They also had a form of currency or money, and a weights and measures system. The capital city which was called Pataliputra was created into a huge international culture center. One man that led to some of the great academic success of India was Aryabhata, who was a brilliant mathematician in very early India. His realizations and knowledge influenced India's culture as well as many other countries. The highest point of this empire was when it was ruled by Asoka from 269 B.C. to 232 B.C. Asoka promoted the practice and study of dharma which is morality and piety. The result of Asoka's rule was an increase in domestic and foreign trade which ultimately led to India becoming a prosperous nation.