2010+Ancient+Rome+4

Rome

The Roman Empire started in 753 BCE and ended in 476 CE with the fall of the Western Empire Government:﻿ Rome Government had a cycle called the "Cycle of Constitutions," the cycle say's that societies go from anarchy to monarchy, from monarchy to tyranny, from tyranny to an aristocracy, from aristocracy to oligarchy, from oligarchy to democracy, from democracy to ochlocracy ("mob rule"), and finally back to anarchy before the cycle starts over. Polybius believed that while Romans could not stop the cycle, they had found a way to slow it down by using a mixed constitution that combined elements of monarchy

Religion

before and after their conversion to Christianity, Romans believed that pleasing the god(s) was vital to their success as a society. Romans had many gods and goddesses, meaning they were polytheistic, and they built many temples to honor them.
 * The Romans had very diverse practices of religion, but both

as Jupiter, king of the gods , Mars the god of war , and Juno , the goddess of women and fertility.
 * Many of their gods were based off the original Greek gods such

Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
 * Much later on, from the time of Emperor Constantine I ,

@http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/626993?terms=rome.bust

Caption: This is a bust of the Roman god Mercury, god of fertility, travel, dreams, chance, and theft.

 **Economy:** Markets of Trajan in Rome

 __**TRADE**__
 * [[image:http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/WorldHistoryAncient/9091/909173w.jpg caption="Markets of Trajan in Rome"]] ||
 * Markets of Trajan in Rome ||

Slaves from all over Metals form Spain and Britain Silks form China
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: 'Arabic Typesetting'; font-size: 20pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Roman road provided a network fo Trade came from place like:
 * Spices from India
 * Ivory and wild animals from Africa

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">
 * <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: 'Arabic Typesetting'; font-size: 20pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Areas of empire specialized in craft goods

<span style="color: #121917; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,'sans serif'; text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">__**SLAVERY**__
 * [[image:http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/WorldHistoryAncient/1185/1185227w.jpg height="584" caption="Title: The Pax Romana (Visual)"]] ||
 * Title: The Pax Romana (Visual) ||

<span style="color: #121917; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,'sans serif'; text-align: left;">
 * [[image:http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/WorldHistoryAncient/6775/677567w.jpg caption="Roman slavery"]] ||
 * Roman slavery ||

<span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">Slaves imported played an increasing role in Rome's society and economy as the empire grew. <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"> o cheap labor on farms o slaves were less costly <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;">Rome's growing reliance on slaves is evident in farm manuals published during the period. <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; display: block; font-family: Calibri; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;"> Jobs :

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> <span style="direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">__**How slavery effected Rome.**__
 * 1) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Sowing to reaping
 * 2) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Tasks on a farm.
 * 3) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Household in farms
 * 4) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Workshops
 * 5) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Mines


 * 1) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">As the number of captured slaves increased, the number of agricultural workers rose dramatically, and Roman landowners exploited slave labor to create large plantation estates.
 * 2) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Trade routes in the Mediterranean were beginning to expand
 * 3) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">The more landowners could produce, the greater the profits
 * 4) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Slaves to improve land and cultivate crops
 * 5) <span style="color: #2d3835; direction: ltr; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.272in; margin-top: 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: middle;">Slave labor thus became essential to the profitable existence of large-scale plantation agriculture.

<span style="color: #121917; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,'sans serif'; text-align: left;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;">This coin on the front issued by the roman emperor Hadrian to commemorate the founding of Aelia capitolina<span style="color: #121917; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,'sans serif';"> (formerly Jerusalem)
 * [[image:http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/assets/mediaserver/WorldHistoryAncient/6197/619795w.jpg caption="Coin commemorating Roman victory"]] ||
 * Coin commemorating Roman victory ||

<span style="display: block; font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">Art

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"><span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> show influence of Greek culture. The Romans were most famous for <span style="display: block; font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">their painting and sculpture. Roman painting has been split into four periods.
 * Roman art, like many other aspects of the <span class="yshortcuts" style="border-bottom: #366388 2px dotted; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Roman civilization

<span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> carvings, depicting mythological scenes and gods. The second <span style="display: block; font-family: monospace; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;">period involved realism such as accurately painting architecture and landscape. The third period removed realism, and mostly involved a small scene, landscape, or design against a single-colored background. The fourth period depicted many scenes from mythology. <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> @http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/649638?terms=rome+art
 * The first of these four styles was mainly imitation of marble

Caption: This is a painting depicting an Augustan era sculpture gallery. Technology

the greatest technological inventions of the <span class="yshortcuts" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Ancient Roman Empire. It was developed by mixing broken stone, gravel, and sand, a bonding agent, and water, which cause the mixture to harden into a solid mass very durable material, useful for building. Romans used concrete in all parts of their structures including foundations, walls, and roofs.
 * Concrete, a synthetic stone and building material, was one of

are artificial channels used to carry water from one place to another, often used to supply <span class="yshortcuts" style="border-bottom: #366388 2px dotted; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">public baths, and sometimes individual homes and baths. Roman aqueducts were especially impressive, able to carry water many miles away, even requiring bridges to carry channels across valleys. The <span class="yshortcuts" style="border-bottom: #366388 2px dotted; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Pont du Gard was the highest aqueduct built by Romans, stretching 155 feet high with three tiered bridges, and able to carry 44 million gallons of water per day.
 * Aqueducts were another great Roman technological feat. Aqueducts

<span class="yshortcuts" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Roman Empire was roads. Roadways were most commonly used for efficient troop movement, and are some of the greatest roads constructed in the ancient world. There was a network of 372 roads, stretching from present-day Scotland to the <span class="yshortcuts" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: none; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Euphrates River, which is approximately 53 thousand miles in length.
 * A th-ird form of technology that helped expand and empower the

@http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/909075?terms=aqueduct +roman

Caption: This is one of the most impressive aqueducts built by the Romans called the Pont du Gard

Society

bottom were the slaves, followed by freedmen, and on top were free-born citizens, who were further divided into patricians, people who could trace their ancestors to the city's founders, and plebeians, who could not.
 * Roman society was divided by distinct social classes. On the

Greece. <span class="yshortcuts" style="border-bottom: #366388 2px dotted; cursor: pointer; line-height: 1.2em; outline-style: none;">Roman Baths are one of the prominent features of Roman society, and it was a place where people of all social classes mingled, exercised, bathed, and relaxed.
 * Nearly every facet of the Roman society had its origin in

statuses were. If you were an upper-class Roman, you could afford meat, fish, and different spices for your food, and you would eat reclining on a couch or out in a courtyard. If you were an average Roman, your meal would consist of bread or cereal served with cheese, olive oil, and wine.
 * Even the food that Romans ate depended on what their social

@http://ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1466418?terms=roman +baths

Caption: This is a picture of the Roman public baths, where the division of social classes wasn't as prominent.

Summary:

The Roman Empire was one of the most advanced empires of this time, and it has made a lasting impression on today's world. One of the ways it has influenced today's world is through its technological advancements. Many pieces of Roman technology including roads, walls, baths, basilicas, amphitheaters, and aqueducts are still present in today's world. The most lasting impression the Romans have made on the world is in their legal codes and government systems, which have greatly influenced Western politics.

Slogan:

“All roads lead to Rome !”

Date -Kevin Map -Kevin G -Alex R -Alice E -Xiomara A -Alice T -Alice S -Alice Summary -Alice Putting everything together -Kevin